Orthopedic surgery addresses and attempts to correct problems that arise in the skeleton and its attachments, the ligaments and tendons. It may also include some problems of the nervous system, such as those that arise from injury of the spine. The roles of orthopedic surgeons is extended to include surgery involving the bones and related nerves and connective tissue
These problems can occur at birth, through injury, or as the result of aging. They may be acute, as in an accident or injury, or chronic, as in many problems related to aging such as osteoarthritis.
The ranges of treatments include procedures such as traction, amputation, hand reconstruction, spinal fusion and joint replacements. They also treat strains and sprains, broken bones, and dislocations. Some specific procedures performed by orthopedic surgeons are arthroplasty, arthroscopic surgery, bone grafting, fasciotomy and fracture repair.
Much of the work of an orthopedic surgeon involves adding foreign material to the body in the form of screws,plates, wires and prosthetics to hold damaged bones in their proper alignment or to replace damaged bone or connective tissue.

Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

Hip replacement surgery is an operation where the surgeon removes the rough, arthritic surfaces of bone at the joint and replaces them with new smooth surfaces of the implant used. Hip replacement is an excellent treatment for severe arthritis.

Total knee replacement surgery is an option for patients with severe knee arthritis. When knee replacement surgery is performed, the cartilage of the knee joint is replaced with a metal and
plastic implant.

Arthritis
Arthritis means inflammation of the joint. The most common cause of arthritis is due to wear and tear (primary osteoarthritis). Joints can also be ravaged by diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or gout; infections, and other conditions such as congenital dislocation,fracture and avascular necrosis (secondary arthritis).
The term “arthritis” is also used to describe any condition in which there is damage to the cartilage. Inflammation, if present, is in the synovium. The proportion of cartilage damage and synovial inflammation varies with the type and stage of arthritis. Usually the pain early on is due to inflammation. But in later stages, when the cartilage is worn away, most of the pain comes from the mechanical friction of raw bones rubbing on each other.

Joint replacement surgery

Is performed to alleviate pain, correct deformities, increase activities and provide joint stability.
Normally performed on older patients because implants could only last 10-15 years. (However, better techniques and new materials are now available which make the implants last longer; it can now be performed on younger patients).
Most implants are made of metal and plastic for example in total hip replacement where both head and acetabulum are replaced.

Surgery complications

Known complications are Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism. As with any other
Surgery, infection is a common complication, which can be prevented with the use of intravenous antibiotics. The other known complication for this type of surgery would be mechanical ones such as implant failure and loosening.

Recovery after the surgery

Patients will usually be in the wards 4-5 days with no weight bearing activities.
Patients are encouraged to do bed exercise such as static quadriceps and straight leg raising to prevent deep vein thrombosis.
Aided weight bearing with a walking frame can start in a week.
Once they start walking they can be out of bed. Sutures will be removed after 2 weeks.

Post-op care

Limited mild athletic like swimming and golfing are acceptable but not repetitive ones like jogging.

Other conditions that can be treated by an Orthopedic Surgeon include sports injury, slipped disc, carpal tunnel syndrome and arthroplasty

In relation to Health Tourism,Dr. Anuar has treated patients from Japan,Korea,Brunei,Indonesia,the Middle East,Maldives,France,UK and Belgium for a variety of conditions which.